THE
EARTH REMOTE SENSING AND GEOINFORMATION MAPPING BASED TECHNOLOGIES FOR CREATING
THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION GEOINFORMATION SPACE
S.S.Karpuhin
FGUP
State Centre «PRIRODA»
priroda@dol.ru
Space data infrastructure development
is the necessary link in perfecting information provision of the Russian
Federation territorial administration at present. The infrastructure of spatial
data represents the constructive basis of the Russian Federation unified
geoinformational space, a base (consolidating) unit of nation-wide
informational resources. Urgency, reliability, accuracy and universality are
the major demands made spatial information by administrative bodies. Production
in an electronic mode of the spacial documentation possessing the above set
properties is possible exclusively by means of remote space sensing and GIS - technologies.
Efficiency and quality increase of
up-dating the digital topographical basis is the important component of the
space data infrastructure. Now the organizations and firms of Geodesy and
Cartography Federal Agency conduct wide scale activities on creation and up-dating
of digital topographic maps at scale 1: 100 000 on territory of the Russian
Federation. For the first time the managing subjects, fundamental and applied
science get at their disposal the access to the high-power informational
resources generated with application of strict regulated requirements.
However the state territorial
control is linked to application of the renovated topographical basis to the solution of the complex of
problems: optimization of usage land (and other natural) resources, the
supervisory control of environmental contamination, well-timed detection of
natural and technogenic dangers and so on. The solution of these tasks is
impossible without the profound interbranch data processing of the Earth remote
sensing and creation of specialized intelligence systems on the basis of GIS - technologies.
Now the advanced foreign countries for
the problem solution of territories steady balanced development guide active
development and practical implementation of global geoinformational mapping
projects (projects of the Digital Earth), oriented on creation and maintenance
systems of electronic maps at a level of a modernity by means of processing detailed
space data continuous flow.
The prototype of the Digital Earth projects
is the program of complex learning and mapping of country natural resources unexampled
in the world and for the first time executed by firm «State Centre "PRIRODA”»
in 70-90 years of the last century. During the complex cartographic activities
which are conducted in scales of topographic maps 1: 500 000 - 1: 200 000 with
usage of the space information, the regional series of universal value maps for
various spheres of economy have been created, the bases of a complex cadastre
of natural resources, ecological mapping and monitoring of the environment were
incorporated, the hands-on experience of effective interbranch interaction was
stored.
One of the major components of the
further perfecting an information provision-cartographic of territorial control
in the Russian Federation consists in creation
of the space data infrastructure, and multi-threaded development of the state
universal geoinformational mapping basis. The environment space monitoring modern
technologies and universal geoinformational mapping of Russian Federation
subjects natural-economic systems provide creation of country complete geoinformational space. In that way
only it is possible to create effective interbranch system of space data in
interests of the government balanced development of the Russian Federation
locales.
The important role in technology of
universal geoinformational mapping should be played the development of
interactive methods for space pictures decoding, definition of an optimal
structure for each locale and the contents of electronic base maps, development
of regional universal classifiers of the geographical information. A priority
problem is standardization and unification of means, methods and
geoinformational technologies with a view of information provision-cartographic
provision of the solution processes for territorial forecasting and control
standard tasks.